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Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 663-671 Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 795-796

Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 973-977

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Hegel's student Richard Rothe, in his 1837 theological text Die Anfänge der christlichen Kirche und ihrer Verfassung, appears to be one of the first philosophers to associate the idea of a death of God with the sociological theory of secularization. [11] Stirner [ edit ] Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 566 He defines nihilism as “the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.” He argues that this belief arises from the realization that existence is without meaning or purpose. He sees nihilism as a necessary step in the evolution of thought, one that leads to a greater understanding of the world and our place in it. In his essay “ On the Genealogy of Morals,” he compares nihilism to the concept of a “highest good” or “beatitude.” Holub, R. C. (2018) Nietzsche in the Nineteenth Century: Social Questions and Philosophical Interventions. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. p. 236

Von Hartmann suggested that Schopenhauer was the only philosopher who has been systematically studied by Nietzsche. [160] Relation to Philipp Mainländer [ edit ] Philipp Mainländer Meyer, Matthew. 2019. “Review of Friedrich Nietzsche and European Nihilism.” Accessed January 2, 2020. https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/friedrich-nietzsche-and-european-nihilism/. Nietzsche’s perspectivism has sometimes been mistakenly identified with relativism and skepticism. Nonetheless, it raises the question of how one is to understand Nietzsche’s own theses, for example, that the dominant values of the common heritage have been underwritten by an ascetic ideal. Is this thesis true absolutely or only from a certain perspective? It may also be asked whether perspectivism can be asserted consistently without self-contradiction, since perspectivism must presumably be true in an absolute, that is a nonperspectival sense. Concerns such as those have generated much fruitful Nietzsche commentary as well as useful work in the theory of knowledge. To predict the behavior of ordinary people in advance, you only have to assume that they will always try to escape a disagreeable situation with the smallest possible expenditure of intelligence.” Friedrich Nietzsche The tree that would grow to heaven must send its roots to hell. That which does not kill us makes us stronger. And we should consider every day lost on which we have not danced at least once. How little it takes to make us happy! The sound of a bagpipe. Without music, life would be a mistake. He who fights with monsters might take care lest he therebybecomea monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you. You have your way. I have my way. As for the right way, the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist. Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 931Discourses of a "death of God" in German culture appear as early as the 17th century and originally referred to Lutheran theories of atonement. The phrase "God is dead" appears in the hymn "Ein Trauriger Grabgesang" ("A mournful dirge") by Johann von Rist. [2]

a b Leiter, Brian (2021), "Nietzsche's Moral and Political Philosophy", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University , retrieved 2022-03-09 His incomparable, fierce literary style and tenacious will to question all orthodox beliefs and institutions have captivated and perplexed readers for over a century. a b Dombowsky, D., Cameron, F. (2008) Political Writings of Friedrich Nietzsche: An Edited Anthology. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. p. 11 Since Martin Heidegger at least, the concepts of the will to power ( Wille zur Macht), of Übermensch and of the thought of Eternal Recurrence have been inextricably linked. According to Heidegger's interpretation, one can not be thought without the others. During Nazi Germany, Alfred Baeumler attempted to separate the concepts, claiming that the Eternal Recurrence was only an "existential experience" that, if taken seriously, would endanger the possibility of a "will to power"— deliberately misinterpreted, by the Nazis, as a "will for domination". [3] Baeumler attempted to interpret the "will to power" along Social Darwinist lines, an interpretation refuted by Heidegger in his 1930s courses on Nietzsche.Despite Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche's falsifications (highlighted in 1937 by Georges Bataille [3] and proved in the 1960s by the complete edition of Nietzsche's posthumous fragments by Mazzino Montinari and Giorgio Colli), his notes, even in the form given by his sister, remain a key insight into the philosophy of Nietzsche, and his unfinished transvaluation of all values. An English edition of Montinari & Colli's work is forthcoming (it has existed for decades in Italian, German and French). Nietzsche, F. (1887) On the Genealogy of Morality, translated by Horace B. Samuel. Boni and Liverlight, Second Essay §11